Level 2 EV Chargers: A Complete Buyer’s Guide

Level 2 chargers add about 10 to 60 miles of range per hour of charging. On such a charger, Drivers find that they can fully charge an electric vehicle overnight or during a standard workday, ensuring the vehicle is ready for use when needed.

These speeds are a significant improvement over those achieved by Level 1 chargers, which typically add just four or five miles of range per hour. Level 1 chargers are compatible with any standard (120 volt) outlet, and the cord is typically included with an electric vehicle purchase. While these factors ensure a low barrier to entry, Level 1 chargers are rarely sufficient for home setups and are almost never suitable for commercial deployments.

Level 2 EV chargers require a 208 or 240-volt power source, which is commonly found in residential, commercial, and industrial settings. This is the same type of power used for large household appliances like electric dryers and ovens.

The higher voltage allows for a greater flow of electricity, enabling faster charging speeds. In commercial environments, 208-volt power sources are more readily available, making Level 2 chargers a convenient option. In a residential setting, it may be necessary to add a dedicated 240-volt circuit if one is not already available.

Level 2 EV chargers commonly use the SAE J1772 connector. J1772 connectors are compatible with CCS 1 sockets, which are the standard for nearly every non-Tesla electric vehicle on the market in North America today. Speeds between AC connector types are the same, with the main differences being compatibility and ease of use.

While there have been recent announcements and promises from several automakers to adopt the North American Charging Standard (NACS), the timeline for this transition remains unclear and uncommitted. Today, J1772 EV chargers are still dominant, providing a consistent and dependable interface for charging electric vehicles in both residential and commercial settings. For Tesla owners, J1772 adapters are easily accessible. Even as NACS becomes available on non-Tesla vehicles, the proliferation of J1772 chargers means that adapters will be commonplace.

The cost of Level 2 EV chargers can vary widely depending on several factors, including the brand, features, and installation requirements. Generally, the price of the charger itself ranges from $500 to $2500. Installation costs can add another $100 to $4,000+, depending on the complexity of the electrical work required. Some chargers come with advanced features such as WiFi connectivity, smart charging capabilities, and compatibility with solar power systems, which can increase the overall cost.

Additionally, there may be rebates or incentives available from local utilities or government programs that can help offset some of these expenses. While the upfront costs can be significant, the long-term benefits of faster, more efficient charging make Level 2 EV chargers a worthwhile investment.

UL listing signifies that the charger has been tested and meets the stringent safety standards set by Underwriters Laboratories. This certification is vital for commercial Level 2 deployments as it ensures the charger is safe to use, reducing the risk of electrical fires, shocks, and other hazards. Compliance with UL standards provides peace of mind to businesses and consumers alike, ensuring that the charging equipment is reliable and safe for everyday use.

UL Listed electric vehicle charging equipment falls under two categories: FFWA, evaluated to UL 2594 for Level 1 and Level 2 chargers typically installed in dwellings and retail locations, and FFTG, evaluated to UL 2202 for Level 3 DC Fast Chargers, which are expected to be installed along major highways.

FCC certification is essential for ensuring that Level 2 chargers comply with the Federal Communications Commission’s regulations regarding electromagnetic interference. Part 15 of the FCC rules outlines the limits to ensure that the charger will not interfere with other electronic devices, maintaining the reliability and functionality of all equipment in the vicinity. For commercial deployments, this is particularly important as it ensures that chargers operate smoothly alongside other critical infrastructure without causing disruptions.

Though the FCC is a US regulatory body, standards in Canada are similar. Canada’s Innovation, Science and Economic Development (ISED) regulations also limit electromagnetic interference.

A NEMA rating indicates the charger’s level of protection against environmental factors such as dust, water, and corrosion. For commercial Level 2 deployments, especially those in outdoor or harsh environments, a suitable NEMA rating is critical to ensure the durability and longevity of the equipment.

Most Level 2 chargers will have a NEMA 4 rating, which is sufficient for indoor or outdoor use. NEMA 4 also implies a degree of protection against water, ice, and foreign objects. A NEMA 4X rating also ensures the device is protected from corrosion, though this is not critical. Many manufacturers have begun derating their chargers to NEMA 3R as a means to cut costs.